生产与运作管理的研究对象是（生产与运作管理第五版课后答案）

投稿用户 • 2022年6月27日 pm8:27 • 行业动态 • 阅读 174

一、库存不同于仓储

库存无论对于制造业还是服务业来说都十分重要，传统意义上的库存包括原材料库存，在制品库存，成品库存，以及维护、修理和运行物品库存。随着服务类型和生产方式的不断更新，库存包括更加广泛，比如培训的人员，备战双十一的人手，正在完善的服务，广义的库存越来越多，库存类型也越来越多，所以库存是不同于仓储的。仓储就是入库、分拣、上架、出库功能的集合体。

Inventory is important for both manufacturing and service industries, and inventory in the traditional sense includes raw material inventory, wiped-in-process inventory, finished goods inventory, and maintenance, repair and operation inventory. With the continuous update of service types and production methods, inventory includes more extensive, such as training personnel, preparing for double eleven, is improving the service, more and more inventory in a broad sense, inventory types are also more and more, so inventory is not agreed to warehousing. Warehousing is a collection of functions such as warehousing, sorting, shelving and outbound.

二、库存的作用

1. 缩短订货提前期：维持一定成品量，那么顾客可以更快收到所需要的产品。

2. 稳定作用：平衡着需求与生产，起到水库的作用。

3. 分摊订货费用：订货费用固定时，批量订货可以减少单位费用。

4. 防止短缺：维持一定的量，可以防止因为短缺导致的交易损失。

5. 防止中断：在制品库存可以防止生产中断。

1. Shorten the order lead time: Maintain a certain amount of finished products, so that customers can receive the required products faster.

2. Stabilizing role: Balances demand and production, and plays the role of a reservoir.

3. Apportionment of order costs: When the order cost is fixed, the bulk order can reduce the unit cost.

4. Prevent shortages: Maintaining a certain amount can prevent trading losses caused by shortages.

5. Prevent interruptions: WIP inventory can prevent production interruptions.

三、库存问题的分类

1. 单周期库存与多周期库存

（1）单周期需求。单周期需求是指特定时间对物品的需求，其他时间就没有原来的价值了，比如贺卡以及圣诞树。机器也是，机器一旦超过寿命报废后，就需要进行善后处理。单周期需求中，一旦失去价值的产品将导致单周期库存问题。

（2）多周期需求。指在一段长的时间里，对一件商品有反复的需求，其库存需要不断地进行补充以满足需求，多周期需求是库存控制考虑最多的问题。

1. Single-cycle inventory and multi-cycle inventory

(1) Single-cycle demand. Single-cycle demand refers to the demand for items at a specific time, and other things have no original value, such as greeting cards and Christmas trees. Machines are the same, once the machine exceeds its life and is scrapped, it needs to be treated aftercare. In single-cycle demand, once the value of the product will lead to single-cycle inventory problems.

(2) Multi-cycle demand. Refers to a long period of time, there is a repeated demand for a commodity, its inventory needs to be continuously replenished to meet the demand, multi-cycle demand is the most considered problem in inventory control.

2. 独立需求库存与相关需求库存

（1）独立需求。主要表现为需求的对象和数量的不确定，来自客户对产品和服务的需求，只能进行粗略的估计。

（2）相关需求。可以按照对最终产品的独立需求精准地计算，比如确定了生产30台空调，那么需要的零件可以计算出确定的值，这就是相关需求。

2. Separate demand inventory and related demand inventory

(1) Independent demand. It is mainly manifested as the uncertainty of the object and quantity of demand, from the customer's demand for products and services, which can only be roughly estimated.

(2) Related needs. It can be accurately calculated according to the independent requirements of the final product, such as the production of 30 air conditioners, then the required parts can be calculated to determine the value, which is the relevant demand.

作者|黄国琦

审核|闫庆红

翻译|百度翻译

声明|本文完全由黄国琦原创，若有侵权联系删除

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生产与运作管理的研究对象是（生产与运作管理第五版课后答案）

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